James Crawford is Whewell Professor of International Law and a Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. He was a member of the United Nations International Law Commission from 1992 to 2001 and Special Rapporteur on State Responsibility from 1997 to 2001. He has also been a member of the Australian Law Reform Commission. In addition to scholarly work on statehood, self-determination, collective rights and international responsibility, he has appeared frequently before the International Court of Justice and other international tribunals and is actively engaged as expert, counsel and arbitrator.