Xiaokai Yang (6 October 1948 – 7 July 2004) was a Chinese-Australian economist. He was a Fellow of the Centre for International Development at Harvard University, Chair Professor of Economics at Monash University, Australia, and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Social Sciences successively. His major contribution was the development of infra-marginal economics, which are those discrete decisions that dictate future path dependencies. Yang was a prolific author in economics with academic works published in both English and Chinese, including Specialization and Economic Organization, Economics: New Classical Versus Neoclassical Frameworks, Economic Development and the Division of Labor: Inframarginal Versus Marginal Analysis. He was nominated twice for the Nobel Prize in Economics (2002 and 2003).